I will briefly present how gravitational waves are used to test astrophysical and cosmological models addressing a number of currently open questions about the early stages of our universe. Gravitational waves can test the validity of models of gravity and constrain particle physics models beyond the Standard Model.
This study provides an overview of the evolution and status of particle accelerators and their applications in Türkiye. It presents a comprehensive review of national projects, graduate institutes, research infrastructures, international collaborations, and scientific events. The progress of the Turkish Accelerator Center (TAC) and the establishment and research potential of the TARLA facility...
The unique physical characteristics of hadron therapy—most notably the Bragg peak phenomenon—facilitate highly precise dose deposition that effectively targets tumors while minimizing radiation exposure to adjacent healthy tissues. The advancement of hadron therapy requires thorough research in radiobiology to better understand the complex effects that high doses of charged particles exert on...
Detailed studies of the interlayer Seebeck effect of organic conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4 as a function of temperature, magnetic field strength, and field orientation are reported. We find that the formation of the CDW0 state is mainly due to the Fermi surface reconstruction as a result of the magnetic breakdown effect since the onset magnetic field for this state is near the magnetic...
Using Thermionic Vacuum Arc technology were created nanostructured thin films using four material: graphite, titanium, silicon, and aluminum, with the inclusion of nitrogen, on the Si substrate. TDS analysis reveal the presence of nitrogen in all cases. The Raman spectra show that the nitrogen treatment of the films leads to the formation of nitrides for each compound. The infrared absorption...
We performed voltage-clamp experiments on outside-out patches excised from HEK293 cells stably expressing hNav1.5. Upon 3-min exposure to a 808.5 nm laser the peak Na+ current amplitude remained steady (96.64±5.25% of initial values) while in control conditions it decreased (37.95±9.14%); in whole-cell experiments relative amplitudes were 111.2±47.0% (laser) vs. 70.6±33.0% (control). We also...
We consider a class of Lagrangians in which the kinetic term has a noncanonical form. Among models based on this class of Lagrangians, usually referred to as k-essence, and in the context of cosmology and inflation theory to k-inflation models, we consider in more details a family of Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) Lagrangians.
In the last several decades they find a significant room of application...
Jordan algebras were invented in a search of an axiomatic system for quantum mechanics.
They turn out to be extremely effective in describing conformal symmetries via the Tits-Kantor-Koecher construction assigning a light cone to each Euclidean Jordan algebra.
Using the Gunaydin oscillator realization we construct quantum mechanics systems with hidden
conformal symmetry in various...
In nano-electronic technology, the overall thermal reliability is recognized by the temperature of the hottest zone on the die. Accordingly, the transistor with a lower maximum temperature is easier kept under the working threshold temperature. Thus, the material selection and also the heat spreader design, as the thermal management solutions for controlling the temperature of the hotspots,...
In this talk we will review the newly developed method for quantization of noncommutative (NC) field theories, the braided BV quantization. We will discuss results for the NC QFT on the Moyal space and then we will generalize these to a spacetime with non-constant noncommutativity, the lambda-Minkowski spacetime. We will show that, in the case of scalar field theory, the NC contribution...
Small accelerators are capable of delivering ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) during proton irradiation, which makes them valuable tools in the development of FLASH radiotherapy. However, achieving accurate in-air irradiation at such dose rates demands exceptionally precise beam characterization. This work describes the way we addressed the challenge of accurate dosimetry while developing a new...
We report results of computational studies investigating the electron transfer between the dye and the TiO2 nanocluster as well as between the electrolyte and the dye, to understand the mechanisms that influence the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. By means of density functional theory calculations, we determine the parameters of Marcus’ theory for charge transfer from a...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) structure is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the fluid and substances transport between the bloodstream and central nervous system, while protecting against toxins and pathogens. Disruption of BBB integrity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, in which factors such as inflammation and amyloid-β...
We have studied theoretically the effect of interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the Josephson effect between two $d$-wave superconductors with ferromagnetic layer in between, based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach, extended McMillan’s Green function formalism, and generalized Furusaki-Tsukada treatment. If both time-reversal and space-inversion symmetries are broken, Josephson...
A significant effort is underway in the global scientific community to develop accurate models of DNA damage in cells induced by hadronic particles, in the context of hadrontherapy cancer treatment or for future manned space exploration missions. Several Monte Carlo Track Structure software codes (MCTS) have been developed for simulating early-DNA scale events to macroscopic radiobiological...
Traditional methods for evaluating microplastics in water environments are hindered by
complexity, accuracy issues, and inefficiency in processing large volumes of water
within realistic timeframes and costs. This patented approach introduces a novel
measurement technique—multispectral transmission evaluation using specifically
prepared pulsed, coherent emission in the visible spectrum....
In earlier works on Pople-Karasz model [1, 2], equilibrium states are displayed by contour mapping, where one coordinate is associated with the orientational order parameter $S$ and the other with the positional order parameter $Q$. In this work, we introduce their geometric analysis by determining mean and Gaussian curvatures ($H$, $K$). From the temperature variation of $H$ and $K$ in the...
Industrial Radiographic Testing (RT) is a fundamental method within Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), widely applied for quality assurance and the evaluation of material integrity in metallic structures. This technique is essential for detecting internal welding defects, identifying volumetric discontinuities, and assessing both the external and internal geometries of components. RT primarily...
Radon monitoring in Albania has been focused on schools and workplaces, where radon is classified as an existing exposure risk. This study was conducted in Tirana, home to approximately one-third of Albania’s population. The geological profile of Tirana comprising recent volcanic rocks, granitic formations, and permeable soils near seismic zones contributes to increased indoor radon potential...
Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics (IANP) is the first government authority performing QC tests for radiological equipment used in every radiology department in Albania involving adherence to international guidelines and approval by our regulatory authorities. This study aimed at investigating the challenges facing the implementation of the QC program by radiographers and medical physicists...
Abstract. The analysis of plasma facing components (PFCs) of fusion machines using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is widely distributed in the fusion community. Difficulties arise when the spectroscopic measurements of tritium retention are performed, particularly the resolving of deuterium (Dα) and tritium (Tα) Balmer alpha lines becomes a major issue.
This study...
Monte Carlo and Collapsed Cone algorithms are widely used for dosimetric verification and calibration of linear accelerators in external beam radiotherapy. This study presents a comparative dosimetric verification of both models at different depths and field sizes using an Elekta linear accelerator. The goal is to assess the agreement between theoretical dose distributions and measured data, a...
The Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics (IANP) is responsible for the national management of radioactive waste and disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) in Albania. It collaborates with public and private entities to ensure the safe transport and storage of radioactive materials.
This study outlines the procedure used to evaluate the total activity of two ¹³⁷Cs sources with unknown...
In this work, we report the fabrication of a novel aeromaterial based on Fe₃O₄, synthesized via spray pyrolysis and drop infiltration techniques. The process involves the deposition of Fe₃O₄ onto sacrificial ZnO microtetrapod templates. The precursor solution consisted of 0.15 M FeCl₃ dissolved in ethanol. For the spray pyrolysis approach, a custom-built setup was used, with the substrate...
Titanium-based implants are frequently used in medical practice for bone-associated injuries and disorders. However, the osteointegration of Titanium is limited by its lack of bioactivity. To overcome this drawback, in this study we functionalized titanium-based surfaces with 3D polymeric microstructures fabricated by laser direct writing via two-photon photopolymerization (LDW via TPP), which...
To obtain the baseline levels of soil radioactivity in the city of Veles and its environs, 53 topsoil samples were collected from uniformly distributed sites across an area of $1200\;\mathrm{km^2}$. Following appropriate laboratory preparation, gamma spectrometry was used to determine the activity concentrations of the radionuclides present in the soil samples. The analysis focused on the...
In the 18th and 19th centuries, fresco painting in the Balkans evolved under the influence of political shifts, religious continuity, and cultural exchange. Despite Ottoman rule, Orthodox Christian traditions remained strong, blending with local and folk elements to create a unique artistic language. These frescoes became not only religious symbols but also quiet affirmations of cultural...
CT scanning examination is rapidly increased in Albania especially during and after coronavirus pandemic crisis. Having the highest dose procedures encountered in medical imaging, radiation dose in CT scans is of crucial consideration so, by prioritizing quality control (QC) of these x-ray medical devices all healthcare professionals can ensure not only optimal image quality but also...
Rapid identification of malignant cells from cavity serous fluids (pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, etc.) stand for rich sources of diagnostic information and treatment strategies. High content information embedded in the hyperspectral images taken with CytoViva microscope facility and analyzed with automated statistical algorithms, meet the needs for fast and accurate classification of...
Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used in diagnosis, due to its non-invasiveness on the one hand and its high soft tissue contrast on the other. Due to these attributes, MRI is an important method for the characterization of pelvic masses.
This study explores the role of various MRI sequences in characterizing pelvic masses, focusing on the physical principles...
Polarization mapping refers to the process of measuring and visualizing the spatial distribution of the polarization state across a light beam. It reveals how the polarization varies from point to point in space showing, e.g., regions with radial, azimuthal, or elliptical polarization [1-3]. Polarization mapping is essential in analyzing vector beams, structured light, and beams with spatially...
The main objective of this study is to evaluate electrochemical gold and carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) as potential platforms to investigate interactions of lipids model systems with biologically important molecules.
The system under examination consists of model lipid membrane and Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae solution. Two types of working electrodes were used – gold and carbon,...
Skin cancer, classified into basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (both nonmelanoma), and melanoma, is the most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. The pathogenesis of skin cancer is multifactorial, but the main causative agent is ultraviolet (UV) radiation[1]. The growing interest in natural UV photoprotective agents highlights the significance of phytochemicals as...
Tin oxide thin films with different thicknesses were deposited under vacuum on glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the structural properties of thin films. Atomic force microscopy method was used to study the surface morphology of thin films of tin oxide. The optical constants such as the absorption coefficient and optical band...
Recently, interest in lanthanum as a dopant in host materials has increased due to its ability to significantly modify the optical and structural properties of its host material. Fluoride nanocrystals doped with rare earth ions are of great interest due to their potential applications in lighting and displays, boost converters, biological fluorescent labels, transparent glass, scintillators,...
Nanoparticles have gained significant interest in various scientific fields due to their unique physicochemical properties, adjustable size and potential for targeted functionalization.
In comparison to bulk materials, these particles exhibit different characteristics, such as quantum effects, large specific surface area and enhanced optical, magnetic and mechanical behavior.
The aim of...
Abstract
The rise in skin cancer incidence, notably melanoma and nonmelanoma types, is a significant global public health concern. This increase has been attributed to greater ultraviolet (UV) exposure and insufficient use of photoprotection, particularly in older adults and men [1]. While synthetic sunscreens are widely used, concerns about their safety and environmental persistence have...
The study presents a comprehensive data-driven analysis of student participation in national high school physics and mathematics competitions in Macedonia over the recent years. According to official datasets collected, we examine participation rates, performance trends, gender distribution, and international achievements. The analysis highlights significant patterns, including regional...
Understanding the generation and evolution of planetary magnetic fields requires a quantitative grasp of how key dynamo diagnostics respond to variations in fundamental hydrodynamic control parameters. In this study, we perform a systematic numerical investigation of convection-driven dynamo models in rotating spherical shells, using a suite of simulations spanning several orders of magnitude...
In this work we present a new and reliable set of differential cross-sections for 12C(d, p0)13C reaction in the energy range of 600 –200 keV at a detection angle of 165º, all in the laboratory reference system.
Several experimental cross-section datasets for the 12C(d, p0)13C (Q=2.73 MeV) reaction have been published at various deuteron beam energies and different angles of detection [1-3]....
‘Fluffy’ hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) was synthesized using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma, driven by nanosecond high-voltage pulses at 1 kHz frequency in a helium–butane mixture [1,2,3]. The a-C:H samples were characterized by various microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. The results show that a-C:H samples exhibit infrared absorption features that closely match those...
The notions of chaos and order are central to understanding the statistical physics of many-body systems. Thermalization and the spread of quantum information in chaotic many-body dynamics is presently attracting a lot of attention across various fields, ranging from statistical physics via cold atom physics to quantum gravity. Starting from the concept of a ”quantum butterfly effect”, this...
An experimental platform dedicated to radiation hardness experiments is currently under development at the 3 MV Tandetron™ from IFIN-HH. Following installation, the system will undergo commissioning through monitoring of the response of CARD-SAT satellite components exposed to extreme irradiation conditions, such as high dose and flux. A key aspect of the setup involves detailed FLUKA...
UAV-based LiDAR equipment was designed as a high-performance drone equipped with a LiDAR system, which operates on electric batteries with a period of flight up to 45 minutes (with a payload) and can transport equipment with an operational weight of 27 kg, the maximum weight of take-off being up to 50 kg. The drone control is done through an advanced system that allows monitoring its position...
The primary goal of this work was to create an experimental setup for an easily feasible demonstration of Fresnel–Arago laws and the realization of a laboratory exercise using red and green laser light. Modern theoretical explanations of the interference of polarized light use complex mathematical apparatus for their derivation, with which many students are not acquainted. On the other hand,...
A coupled extension of the first multiplicative Bogoyavlensky equation is analyzed using the Hirota bilinear formalism. Considering an appropriate substitution, we first construct the Hirota bilinear form. Once we coupled semidiscrete system is written in terms of the Hirota operator, we construct the 3-soliton solutions. The existance of the multi-soliton solutions, obtained via...
Quantum Dynamics in Multiple Quantum Dots Systems
Tatiana Mihaescu^{1}, Aurelian Isar^{1}, and Mihai A. Macovei^{2}
{}^{1} National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, RO-077125, Măgurele-Bucharest, Romania
{}^{2} Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova State University, Chișinău, Moldova
*E-mail: mihai.macovei@ifa.usm.md
Light-matter interactions...
Here, we generalize the 2d description of gravity theory via a self-interacting class of topological BF models to an arbitrary, even spacetime dimension, greater or equal to 8 (the 4d and 6d cases have been analyzed previously and were shown to lead to several types of couplings). Our methodology relies on a variant of deformation method based on a local cohomological BRST approach in the...
At GSI Darmstadt (Germany) there is in construction a new and very performant accelerator system, namely the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). The performances of this facility, related to the beam intensity and energy, interaction rate, around 1 MHz, etc will provide remarkable research opportunities in Nuclear and Particle Physics, in Atomic Physics and Nuclear Astrophysics,...
In this presentation, we explore the classical and quantum descriptions of the Kapitza-Dirac effect: the scattering of particles, such as electrons or atoms, by a standing wave electromagnetic field. In the classical case we integrate the equation of motion, both in its exact form and using the ponderomotive approximation, for a statistical ensemble of electrons. We present graphical...
The paper reports results from a project designed to investigate the difficulties that sixty-four undergraduate students experienced while learning to write lab reports after having performed lab experiments. The participants had the opportunity to design and perform experiments in their own design (without being given guidelines). At the same time, they were giving feedback in the form of...
Starting from the Lagrangian formulation of a special class of interacting topological BF models in an arbitrary even spacetime dimension deduced previously by a particular deformation method, here we investigate its Hamiltonian roots in the light of the general result according to which each theory with nontrivial gauge symmetries at the Lagrangian level always originates in a system subject...
Secure quantum teleportation is essential for reliable transfer of quantum information across distant locations. It paves the way for future quantum networks and quantum communication systems. Consideration of an input squeezed thermal state is more realistic and appropriate for many applications because of losses caused by interaction with environment. The secure teleportation is conditioned...
We present new analytical results on transition densities and charge radii of odd-even spherical and transitional nuclei obtained using a microscopic approach. The results show a pronounced influence of the collective modes in the ground and excited states. Our main contribution is assessing the new terms and exemplifying their effects on several nuclei in the cadmium region.
In our paper we have studied the transport of particles moving in a sheared stochastic magnetic field considering also the particle collisions. The transport is influenced by the collisional Kubo number and the shear Kubo number that gives an asymmetry of the trajectories. We have studied only a few cases given by the collisional Kubo number and different values of the shear Kubo. An analogy...
There is a plethora of mechanisms in quantum optics that allow for the optical control of the atomic decay. In this way, the spontaneous emission responsible for the population decay of the excited atom, can be enhanced or slowed-down. These control mechanisms can be, as well, applied to hybrid optomechanical devices that contain an emitter such as an artificial atom or a molecule. For such...
We investigate the Markovian evolution of Gaussian entanglement and steering in a system consisting
of two strongly coupled harmonic oscillators immersed in a structured environment. Specically, we analyze
the contribution of the interaction between modes when the magnitude of the intermode coupling strength
is comparable to the local frequencies of the modes, and the rotating wave...
The operation of high-voltage electrical substations in or near residential areas has raised public concern about potential adverse health effects from chronic exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields. This study aims to assess the intensity of electromagnetic fields around several substations in Tirana city, Albania, and evaluate compliance with international safety guidelines....
Invoking the specificity of first-order dynamics for fermionic fields and using a Darboux argument, one avoids the Dirac prescription for inferring the geometric structures of various fermionic fields on a 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime.
Hellinger geometric quantum discord and interferometric power are analyzed for an open system
consisting of two bosonic modes, while interacting with four different environments: vacuum, squeezed
vacuum, thermal and squeezed thermal, taking the initial state of the open system to be either a singlemode
squeezed state, which presents no initial correlations or a squeezed vacuum state. The...
On the squares of two lattices, square and 4-8 lattice, besides the interactions between nearest neighbour spins, additional diagonal and four-spin interactions are present. Under some restrictions, by introducing central decorating spins on each square, the square lattice is transformed to another square lattice, while the 4-8 model becomes a square lattice with decorated bonds. Exact...
The study of rotational flows of an inviscid incompressible fluid with free boundary is of high theoretical and practical interest (e.g., the evolution of surface waves on the ocean, their approximation by model equations, the dynamics of wave interactions). The vorticity is the key quantity in the analysis of the fluid motion.
We consider a two-dimensional water-wave problem with a general...
Professor Dr. Călin BEȘLIU (23.VII.1930-30.XI.20204) is one of the remarkable Romanian physicists and was, for many decades, an excellent Professor for the students of the Faculty of Physics from the University of Bucharest. He dedicated his activity to Physics, Nuclear and Particle Physics, mainly, both in research and academic fields. His activity was complex, diverse and intense, and,...
We investigated the separability of a general Werner state in the framework of non-inertial frames
of references. We considered bimodal and trimodal quantum systems described by modes of different
field theories. Our analysis include the study of a free scalar quantum field for describing bosons and
a free Dirac field associated with the description of Fermions. We provided condition of...
In recent years, extensive studies on quantum correlations in various scenarios, such as non-inertial
frames, curved spacetime, and an expanding universe have been performed [1–6]. In the framework
of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we
investigate the time evolution of Gaussian quantum entanglement of two bosonic modes associated
with a...
Abstract:
Ground-level zone (O₃) is a key air pollutant influenced by air pollutants and meteorological conditions. Understanding the causal relationships between ground-level ozone and (i) meteorological factors and (ii) other air pollutants is critical for two reasons: 1) accurately predicting and forecasting and 2) air quality management. This research investigates the causality and...
We present an updated analysis of scientific productivity in physics across the Balkan countries, continuing and expanding earlier studies based on bibliometric data. The current study is primarily based on data retrieved from the OpenAlex database, covering the period from 1996 to 2024, with an accent on last 20 years, from 2005 to 2024. To evaluate database consistency and coverage, OpenAlex...
Higher derivatives extensions of MCSP model are considered. The Hamiltonian structure and the equivalence with some first class theories will be investigated, from the point of view of the Hamiltonian path integral quantization.
Abstract: Technical and technological innovations are increasingly finding their application in modern education, making it more attractive and economically accessible. Namely, especially in nuclear physics, instruments can be extremely expensive and very sensitive, which makes it significantly difficult for schools to use them [1]. Also, schools cannot own radioactive sources, which is an...
The paper presents both monographic aspects and new results on how a given nonlinear differential equation can be generalized to an equation with stronger nonlinearities but with an imposed class of solutions. More precisely we are considering a general form of 2D reaction-diffusion equation and, by imposing a pre-defined class of symmetry, we are obtaining the most general equations from the...
The analysis of consistent interactions that can be introduced between a collection of BF models and a system of massless scalar fields, done in the context of antifield-antibracket symmetry by deformation to the solution to the classical master equation, exhibits two geometric structures related to the target manifold of the BF scalar fields: i) a Poisson one, due exclusively to BF sector and...
Abstract:
The problem of seasonal and diurnal variations of ozone concentrations and their relationship with meteorological parameters is investigated for Craiova, Romania. By analysing hourly and seasonal trends, this study aims to identify peak ozone formation periods and the key environmental factors influencing their variability. The dataset comprises hourly ozone and meteorological data,...
The paper proposes an exhaustive investigation of how different analytical methods can be applied to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations. The considered dynamical system is described by the Chafee-Infante fractional equation. We will review the approaches that have been used previously, with a focus on two general approaches introduced quite recently by our group. One of them is...
We present the results of the numerical studies of the spectra of optical magnons in bcc Fe at room conditions (𝑇 ≈ 298 K and 𝑃 ≈ 1 bar). Recently, we modelled spectra of phonons and magnons in bcc-iron at these conditions by dynamic structure factors (DSF) calculations and with the aid of Chamati potential [1-3]. It has been shown that use of this potential developed within the embedded-atom...
A discrepant event is a demonstration or phenomenon that produces an unexpected outcome, for example, an object that appears to be rolling uphill. The purpose of this research paper is to study the effect of such phenomena on the learning process, to determine whether they can improve students’ understanding of a certain concept.
In this study, the learning subject proposed is the center...
A new approach, PDF2ISR, constructing an initial state parton shower which is fully consistent with the parton densities is applied to Drell-Yan production.
PDF2ISR is implemented inside the Pythia8 event generator and allows a full comparison with measurements.
This new approach is systematically cross checked with predictions using the same parton densities, including Transverse Momentum...
The regime of the tokamak plasma that is relevant for the achievement of thermonuclear fusion strongy exhibits interplay between turbulence and structures. The complexity of the relation between edge and the core regions is underlined by the turbulence inward spreading from the region near the Last Closed Magnetic Surface. It has been observed that structures consisting of pairs of blobs and...
In this work we present some inversion algorithms used for minimally doubled fermions and a comparative study of them in the case of a specific class of MDF: Boriçi – Creutz fermions.
We have studied three main algorithms: Biconjugate gradient stabilized method BICGStab, the Conjugate Gradient method applied to the Normal Equations CGNE and Generalized minimal residual method GMRES, used for...
Difficulties in understanding concepts of kinematics are widespread among students at various educational levels as documented in physics educational research. Also, students find it challenging to connect the concepts of motion with equations and graphs that describe these concepts. Such difficulties often originate from intuitive understanding, shaped by their everyday experiences, which can...
"How tornadoes form?" is a seemingly simple question, yet the answer is quite complex. Much remains to be discovered about tornadoes, tornadogenesis and the forecasting of tornadoes. One way of improving our current understanding about tornadoes is to develop detailed tornado climatologies. In this study, we are expanding the existing Romanian tornado database by meticulously documenting...
The evolution of turbulence in magnetically confined plasmas is a complex problem that is not completely understood in spite of a huge amount of work. Low-frequency drift type turbulence, which has a significant influence on fusion plasma confinement, is analyzed here with the aim of understanding the memory effects on turbulence evolution.
We present a theoretical study based on a...
The project aiming to establish the essential infrastructure needed to support the participation of the Albanian Scientific Cluster in the CMS experiment at CERN is in an advanced phase. It will provide the necessary tools and research infrastructure that will enable the CMS Albania UT-UPT Group to carry out its duties with high quality and efficiency. The laboratory will offer Albanian...
Abstract
This study presents the design and implementation of a novel vehicle safety system leveraging an ESP32 microcontroller and an array of environmental and motion sensors to dynamically calculate and display optimal following distances. Addressing critical factors influencing braking performance, the device integrates real-time data on vehicle speed, ambient temperature, and humidity to...
Global warming is a phenomenon threatening humanity. Can we fight it? It appears that humanity has accepted as true the notion that the phenomenon is caused by the release of greenhouse gases as a consequence of human activity, and that if we stop emitting them, global warming will cease. For this purpose, the world allocates approximately $ 3 trillion annually. Are these funds being directed...
Abstract
This study opens new directions on Traffic Modeling using Neural Networks, their limitations and exploring existing research on the use of FNN, RNN and CNN architectures in this domain. Our proposed hybrid model leverages the strengths of both CNNs for recognizing spatial patterns and RNNs for capturing temporal dependencies in traffic data. The paper details our methodology,...
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Reference
Random tensor models, seen as quantum field theoretical (QFT) models, are a natural generalization in dimension higher than 2 of the celebrated random matrix models (known, amongst other, to be related to 2D quantum gravity). Moreover, it was discovered by Witten that tensor models are also related to the holographic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model.
I this talk I will present an overview of various...
Desert-dust events in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) frequently cause sharp increases in particulate matter (PM) pollution, posing significant risks to public health and aviation safety.
This study focuses on next-day forecasting of daily PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ concentrations and their corresponding Air Quality Index (AQI) categories across Abu Dhabi Emirate.
We are using five years of air quality...
The transition to low-carbon energy systems requires analytical tools that integrate economic interdependencies with the laws of thermodynamics. This study develops a thermodynamically extended Leontief Input-Output (I-O) model, incorporating Environmentally Extended Input-Output Tables (EE-IOTs), to quantify exergy flows, emissions intensities, and entropy generation across Italy’s key...
Extreme weather events, particularly heatwaves, are becoming more frequent and intense in urban environments due to climate change. Tirana, a fast-growing metropolitan area, has experienced a notable rise in heatwave frequency and air pollution episodes in recent decades. This study analyses the relationship between elevated aerosol loads and extreme heat waves, aiming to understand the mutual...
Climate change significantly affects primary production by imposing various types of stress on crops and livestock, increasing food safety and scarcity risks. The purpose of this work is to produce regional climate simulations for Greece, which aim to provide the necessary parameters required to calculate crop and livestock stress indices and their changes until the middle of the century, and...
Even though decades of thorough studies have passed, there are still contradictions between scientists both concerning the main factors influencing cloud formation, and on cloud contribution to climate. Thus, until not long ago, it was considered that clouds have an overall cooling effect, while the results of the most recent studies show that clouds have a net positive forcing effect,...
This article evaluates the urban heat island in the city of Galati, in Southeastern Romania, for the months of March and April 2023. Temperature measurements were taken every day in 10 points: five points in the city of Galati and five in the periurban and rural areas. The layout of the 10 points covered the north-south transect, between Galati and Braila, the neighboring city. Other...
A new type of differential absorption lidar is developed that utilizes the properties of multi-chip-stack pulsed, broadband laser diode of microjoule energetic range. The laser wavelengths are tuned on/off a monitored integral resonance molecular absorption spectrum in the selected near-infrared band. The method is based on comprehensive theoretical analysis of molecular absorption...
Energy is very important due to the fact that the need for its exploitation has increased in recent decades. The utilization of various energy resources and the focus on environmentally friendly energy sources represents a major interest in today's world. In this material, we will demonstrate how biomass and other waste can be used to produce carbon bricks for use as an energy source in...
We present a comparative stress field analysis in the Durrës region of Albania based on three datasets: (i) two regional focal mechanism datasets (dr_planA and dr_planB) inverted using GISOLA and StressInverse v1.1.3, and (ii) moment tensor solutions from the November 26, 2019 Mw 6.3 Durrës earthquake sequence provided by the National Observatory of Athens. For each dataset, we estimate the...
Keywords: Southeastern Bulgaria; air and soil temperatures; correlation analysis, ten-day data; soil temperature forecast
Air and soil temperatures are of paramount importance for both the growth and development of agricultural crops, as well as for organizing some basic ago-technical activities. Any change in air temperature leads to such a change in the soil surface and the layers for...
Strong gravitational lensing of quasars is a powerful technique for probing cosmological parameters, tracing galaxy evolution, and investigating the internal structure of quasars. In this work, we explore the galaxy mass profile in lensed quasars expected to be detected by the Roman Space Telescope. Relying on estimates from previous studies, it is expected that approximately one in every 180...
This study investigates the primary factors influencing regional climate variability in South-Eastern Europe, focusing on the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its internal and external drivers. The analysis considers the impacts of the lower stratospheric ozone, geomagnetic field variations, solar activity, galactic cosmic rays (GCR), and atmospheric CO2. By applying both...
Recently, greenhouse gases (GHG), which include: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other gases, are considered to be the fundamental cause of global climate change. This issue related to climate change has received conclusive attention at a global level. In the specialized literature, carbon dioxide has been considered the most significant gas contributing to global climate change. In...
Analyses of the annual global lightning distribution show that, depending on the underlying surface, lightning frequency over continents is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than over oceans.
However, studies in specific regions indicate that lightning frequency over water surfaces can exceed that over land, depending on orographic features, the respective season, and the diurnal cycle. This...
Studying biomass-burning aerosols is essential for assessing their impact on climate, air quality, and human health due to their complex interactions with atmospheric processes and radiation. Annually, huge amounts of biomass-burning aerosols are released into the atmosphere as a result of large-scale seasonal wildfires, particularly in regions of the United States and Canada. These aerosols...
The presence of radionuclides in water poses potential risk for health effects, especially when these radionuclides are deposited in human body through drinking. To assesspublic effective dose due to gross alpha and beta in water, 56 tap water samples were collected from different areas in the different cities of Albania. According to Albanian legislation, Article 6, the gross alpha/beta...
Although the HERA experiments finished data collection more than 15 years ago, there is still a lively program ongoing within the H1 Collaboration, with maximum effort put into learning as much as possible from the deep inelastic scattering experiments. This report presents the most recent measurements of Standard Model physics from the H1 experiment, emphasizing new techniques based on deep...
The incoming solar radiation and heating depend on the solar activity (SA), which undergoes cyclic changes with a period of about 11 years. Variability in solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences stratospheric dynamics through photochemical and radiative processes. Changes in the SA can affect the temperature and circulation, changing the conditions for the propagation and reflection of...
The EXO-Restart project at Sofia University aims to detect and dynamically characterize multi-planetary systems using various methods, including transit, radial velocities (RVs), and transit timing variations (TTVs). Studying the dynamical architecture of multiple-planet systems is vital since it reveals information about their formation mechanism and evolution. To gain deeper insights into...
This study investigates the potential correlation between long-term indoor radon concentration changes and moderate seismicity (Mw ≥ 4.0) in Albania. Radon measurements conducted during three independent campaigns (1999–2000, 2014, and 2022) were analyzed at repeated sites to assess temporal variations, and were matched with seismic events within a 50 km radius and within a 0.2-year temporal...
Sb₂Se₃ (antimony selenide) thin films are gaining attention for their potential in thin-film solar cells due to their favorable optoelectronic properties, including a suitable bandgap (~1-1.5 eV), high absorption coefficient, and relatively low toxicity compared to other materials like CdTe and CIGS. Antimony selenide compound exhibits a unique quasi-one-dimensional structure with chains of...
Abstract
In recent years, research on microplastics in rivers has undergone rapid expansion, resulting in the revelation of widespread contamination and the subsequent emergence of concerns regarding ecological and human health impacts. A multitude of studies have confirmed the presence of microplastics in European rivers, with microplastic density demonstrating seasonal variations. The...
Nenad Dj. Lazarov
Department of Theoretical Physics and Condensed Matter Physics (020), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
Email:lazarov@vinca.rs
ORCID ID Nenad Dj. Lazarov is: 0000-0003-3173-9636
Abstract. This paper will consider the behavior of the velocity obtained from...
Radon (²²²Rn) is a carcinogenic, inert noble gas that is undetectable indoors by human senses due to its odorless, colorless, tasteless, and silent nature.
This study aims to (1) measure the Indoor Radon Concentration (IRC) in 840 Mosque-Minarets (MMs) across Muğla Province (13 districts) in Southwestern Turkey, (2) examine the relationship between IRC and Soil Radon Concentration (SRC) in...
Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) was implemented as part of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure project with the aim to use extreme electromagnetic fields for nuclear physics studies and related topics. The physics case of ELI-NP is based on two state-of-the-art sources of extreme light: a high-power laser system and an intense gamma beam system. A broad range...
Weak interaction processes such us beta and double-beta decays provide a rich testing ground for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this talk, I review current investigations to obtain key insights about still unknown properties of neutrinos and possible violations of some fundamental symmetries in physics. In particular, I show how the precise calculation of phase space factors, electron...
Shear-driven diffusion represents a form of turbulent diffusion of a diffusing impurity in a stream with a velocity gradient. This issue has attracted much attention and has been studied for years. However, the linear shear flow in two-dimensional anomalous motion is not well studied. We study such anomalous process by introducing a memory kernel in the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation,...
Lead, a toxic heavy metal, poses significant threats to both environmental ecosystems and human health. Its persistence in the environment, coupled with its potential for bioaccumulation, are key factors contributing to its harmful impact. Given the interrelated nature of environmental components, lead can easily infiltrate the food chain, resulting in serious health risks for both humans and...
Air pollution in Brasov city is a subject of high interest for authorities and researchers due to its impact on human activities as well as due to the specific conditions found in this region – from geographical conditions affecting the pollutant dispersion to the sustained high air pollution levels. Of particular concern were the infringement procedures from the European Commission against...
Based on two recent papers [1]-[2] we discuss the enlarging of the Standard Model - up to six fermion generations and two different Higgs doublets, while keeping the same gauge group $SU(3)_{c}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$ undergoing the SSB to $SU(3)_{c}\otimes U(1)_{em}$ - in order to have it predicting (i) the quantization of both electric and weak charges; (ii) the muon anomalous...
We present a novel, integrated platform for high-resolution single-cell biophysical characterization that combines dielectrophoresis (DEP) and optical tweezers (OT) within a single, synchronized experimental setup. This dual-modality system enables simultaneous, real-time extraction of both electrical and optical properties from individual, living cells in suspension—without the need for...
In 2024, the newly installed photovoltaic solar power plant capacity was about 600GWp, together with this the
total global PV power capacity was over 2 Terawatt peak. In 2025, it is expected that a new photovoltaic
installation could reach 700Gwp in 2025 [1]. The last two decades, p-n junctions manufactured on single
crystal (mono) silicon wafers have been dominating silicon photovoltaic...
An important way to characterize the overall features of high-energy nuclear collisions is to analyze the transverse momentum distributions of produced particles. In these collisions, the differences in shape between the positive and negative pion transverse momentum spectra at low pT can be used to study the Coulomb final-state interaction. The charged pions, as the most abundantly produced...
Abstract
Indoor exposure to radon and thoron in healthcare environments, such as hospitals and clinics, is a significant concern due to the potential health risks to patients and staff. This study aims to measure and analyze the activity concentrations of radon and thoron and calculate the values of the effective dose received from patients and staff in selected healthcare facilities...
Ultra-short laser pulse generation, along with extreme nonlinear processes such as high-harmonic generation, are extensively studied and actively evolving areas in modern photonics. Since their discovery, researchers have been addressing challenges like spectral broadening, filamentation, pulse and beam diagnostics, pulse amplification, and coherent beam recombination.
A key application...
Recent interest in quantum dynamics of electronic excitations in molecular semiconductors and photosynthetic molecular aggregates [1] is motivated by the prospect of optoelectronic applications that could harness quantum effects and enhance charge and energy transport. Typically, the coupling of charges or excitons to quantum lattice vibrations lies in the intermediate regime, whose reasonable...
PURPOSE:
In many institutions, tumors, and organs at risk contours are delineated manually; this is also costly and time-consuming. Recently, various automatic contouring methods have been developed to address these problems. However, these methods may not provide accurate contours for the physicians. One of the reasons is that most autocontouring algorithm results have been produced on CT...
Severe convective events are often driven by specific synoptic patterns, which influence the initiation, further development, and movement direction of the cloud structures that generate them. The days of June 13, 2024, and May 6 and 8, 2025, brought such phenomena: heavy rainfall over short periods of time, frequent lightning, and in some areas, strong wind gusts and medium to large hail...
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful and rapid optical emission spectroscopy used for the elemental analysis of a wide variety of materials. In contrast to spectroscopic methods dependent on X-rays (e.g. XRF), LIBS offers the ability for trace analysis even for light elements. The emission from microplasma created by a focused 30 fs pulse laser beam at λ=800nm, is...
The LHC experiments provide measurements of Standard Model production cross sections with unprecedented precision, which is essential for making new discoveries and exploring potential new physics. These measurements offer crucial input for cutting-edge theoretical model calculations, as well as for the development of new models. This presentation reviews recent Standard Model physics...
Purpose Gamma index analysis and equipment are the most commonly used
methods and equipment for dosimetric control. Gamma index analysis is influenced
by multiple factors, and its accuracy is contingent upon various parameters and
variables. However, there has been limited research on how variations or errors in
dose delivery impact the results of gamma analysis, especially when conducted...
7Be and 210Pb air concentrations were measured by gamma spectrometer with a High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe). The data obtained on activity concentration for both radionuclides provide key information on the origins and movements of air masses. A routine air radioactivity monitoring has started since 2021 in a typical aerosol sampling station, ASS -500, located at the Institute of...
Human activities have negatively affected more than 70% of the Danube wetlands. Their restoration will benefit ecosystem services, including wetland and river biodiversity and carbon sequestration. The European Commission’s Mission “Restore our ocean and waters by 20230” targets not only Danube and Black Sea areas, but also meets a number of the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), such as...
Despite its great success, the general theory of relativity is not the final theory of gravity. In addition to other problems, some shortcomings of the standard model of cosmology led to the search for a more general theory of gravity. One of the promising lines of research is the nonlocal theory of gravity. In this talk, I will present a simple nonlocal de Sitter gravity, its several exact...
The thermal properties of materials are important for the development of various modern technologies. In particular, thermoelectric energy conversion and thermal barrier require materials with ultra-low thermal conductivity. Lattice vibration dominates heat transport in insulating solids; recent theoretical studies suggested that both propagation and diffuson-like behaviors of phonons can play...
This paper presents the decommissioning process of a diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine department located within “Mother Theresa” University Hospital. This department, operated for more than 25 years and served as the sole public provider of nuclear medicine services in the country, using radiopharmaceuticals based on iodine-131 and technetium-99m. Following the relocation of all...
Two particle correlations have shown the presence of long-range rapidity correlations in small collision systems. Several other measurements provided insight into the unexpected collective behaviour similar to the one exhibited in heavy-ion collisions. These properties can be explained by several models, which consider a microscopic description like PYTHIA 8 and a macroscopic treatment as...
The effect of the interaction of nonlinear excitations with extended inhomogeneities in an on-site anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain is probed numerically. Inhomogeneity corresponds to a segment consisting of consecutive spins on the chain that are subjected to an inhomogeneous magnetic field. To describe the behavior of the spin chain, we derive the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) of the...
Laser-driven experiments are strongly influenced by non ideal temproral profile of laser pulse. Laser main pulse is preceded by by low a long low intensity prepulse. Prepulse intensity is up to $10^{14}$ times smaller then main pulse intensity but its duration can reach 2.5 ns [1]. During the prepulse the target is heated up and preplasma appears in front of the target. Preplasma influences...
Early detection of breast cancer remains a crucial objective in modern medicine. High-sensitive X-ray imaging based on Talbot-Lau interferometry offers enhanced soft-tissue contrast compared to conventional mammography, making it a promising tool for non-invasive diagnostics. This work explores the integration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with high-sensitivity Talbot-Lau imaging to...
In this talk we will describe a new, simple and robust method for generating long-range Bessel-Gaussian beams with divergences on the microradian scale. The approach is entirely based on singular and Fourier optics. Initially, an optical vortex (OV) with a high topological charge (~20 and higher; [1]) is formed on the input Gaussian laser beam with a flat wavefront. Due to the modulation...
Microlensing is an effective tool for constraining the properties of compact dark matter candidates, such as Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). Standard photometric observations of microlensing events offer valuable insights into the mass and spatial distribution of PBHs. However, degeneracies among lensing parameters often limit the precision of these measurements. A promising approach to...
High bandgap materials like fused silica and soda-lime glass are widely utilized in optics, optoelectronics, and microfluidics due to their advantageous properties, such as transparency, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. However, conventional methods of processing these materials pose significant challenges. Ultrashort pulse lasers are now essential for precise micromachining of...
The development of efficient drug delivery systems is important in modern medicine to improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Among various nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as versatile platforms due to their high surface area, tunable pore size, and capacity for surface modification. Surface functionalization of MSNs with targeting ligands,...
In 1948 Dr. Phyllis Freier and his team discovered the relativistic heavy ions component of the primary cosmic rays. A new field in Nuclear and Particle Physics became. In August 1970, the first heavy ions beam was used at the JINR Dubna to evidence the cumulative negative pions production in d-C collisions at 5 A GeV, using a linear accelerator and the Synchrophasotron U-10. Members of the...
The Albanian National Radioactive Waste Storage Facility (NRWSF) is operated by the Institute of Applied Nuclear Physics (IANP) in accordance with internationally acceptance criteria, and is situated within IANP territory. This facility consists of two main parts: a] operational area; b] interim storage facility (area). Apart from office and sanitary space the building contains the following...
In this paper, we analyzed the environmental and economic impact of implementing a hybrid nuclear-renewable energy system in Romania, in order to support national decarbonization goals and contribute to the global energy transition. Using Romanian-specific generation data and energy supply/demand models we simulated a nuclear- solar/wind system. The simulations were conducted using the...
This paper explores the integration of symmetry principles into digital twin models for complex mechatronic systems, highlighting their potential to enhance modeling efficiency, anomaly detection, and system scalability. By leveraging structural and functional symmetries, the proposed approach supports modular system design, reduces computational overhead, and improves predictive maintenance...
Understanding how complex biological systems behave over time is essential for predicting their future states, especially in diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Mathematical modeling of such systems offers a valuable approach to exploring not only the theoretical aspects of network behavior but also their biological and medical implications. This study investigates how reducing the complexity...
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are reconfigurable and serve as prototyping platforms for application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). FPGA are composed of configurable logic blocks and programmable interconnects and allow rapid testing of digital designs. Many challenges in medical field, in agriculture and in security are solved by the implementation of artificial intelligence...
Griselda Alushllari 1, Arban Uka 1, Margarita Ifti 2, Alvin Kollcaku 1
1 Department of Computer Engineering, EPOKA University, Tirana, Albania
2 Department of Physics, Tirana University, Tirana, Albania
Abstract
Hopfield neural networks (HNN) are fully connected networks of binary neurons that can store patterns in an energy landscape. Collective properties of large...
Griselda Alushllari 1,2, Arban Uka 1, Margarita Ifti 2
1 Department of Computer Engineering, EPOKA University, Tirana, Albania
2 Department of Physics, Tirana University, Tirana, Albania
Abstract
Unstained brightfield images pose a significant challenge for image analysis. U-Net architectures are a family of fully convolutional neural network which are used for image...
We demonstrate how the hypothetical X17 boson could influence the muon g−2 anomaly and the Lamb shift. Furthermore, by considering kinetic mixing between this new boson and the U(1)Y gauge field, we establish a possible contribution of the X17 to the W boson mass
This study presents basic aspects of discrete asymmetrical pulses generated by using delay operator applied on certain dynamical system. It is shown that the asymmetry of position for significant values inside the pulse time interval can be modelled using a binomial written as {(a+b)}^n, with a≠b and a+b=1.
This binomial model proves useful when pulses become shorter each time when they pass...
The integration of renewable energy sources into isolated power systems presents significant challenges related to voltage stability and power quality. This study focuses on modeling a reactive power compensation system to stabilize a solar-powered grid in the isolated region of Crișan, Tulcea County, within the Danube Delta. Two simulation models were developed using MATLAB/Simulink: one...
Microscopy is an important field that has seen significant improvements over the last decades to overcome unique inherent limitations. Some times the physical limitations could be overcome by using computational imaging. Fourier Ptychography is a powerful computational imaging technique that overcomes the resolution limitations of traditional microscopy by combining multiple low-resolution...
Most radiopharmaceuticals are used for the purpose of
medical diagnosis. These radiopharmaceuticals contain
small amount of the active substances with a
radionuclide attached to them to allow scintigraphic
imaging or measurement of biodistribution. Radiation is
a general property of all radiopharmaceuticals, which
when administered give the patient an imminent
radiation dose. Quality...
We present a novel neutron interferometry scheme designed to probe the potential existence of mirror neutrons, which have been proposed as viable dark matter candidates. Our theoretical analysis shows that, if mirror neutrons exist, ordinary neutrons would acquire a detectable geometric phase due to their mixing with these mirror partners
Within the framework of quantum field theory, we investigate neutrino oscillations in the presence of a torsion background. Adopting the Einstein–Cartan theory, we analyze both the cases of constant torsion and torsion that varies linearly with time. We derive new neutrino oscillation formulae that depend on the spin orientation and obtain an expression for CP asymmetry.
Starting from the quantum model of the hydrogen atom, we calculate and tabulate the peaks of Humphreys α-multiplet in fine-structure approximation (fs-approximation) [1,2]. We determine the spectral line peaks of this multiplet using a new MaximumLocalisation-spectral-Model which is based on several spectroscopic and statistical hypotheses [2-4]. By statistical analysis of the NIST and...
Radiation shielding is essential to reduce the biological, technological and environmental risks associated with radiation exposure. Recently, Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing has gained increasing attention as a flexible and rapidly expanding additive manufacturing technique, offering the capability to produce customized, lightweight protective components using UV-curable resins...
Emergent dynamics of solids has been the focus of research in condensed-matter physics for
the past decades. The interest is due to the fact that condensed-matter physics is expected
to serve both technological application and answer fundamental questions: On one hand, it
should provide guide lines for material design which implies that theory should give
quantitative microscopic...
We present recent measurements of W and Z boson production using the CMS detector at the LHC at CERN. The production mechanisms of these processes are well understood within the Standard Model, and their high-precision measurements help confirm the fundamental principles of particle physics. Moreover, they serve as “standard candles” for probing other processes and for the search for signs of...
This study focuses the retrospective analysis of the past 6 years of the occupational exposure at the Nuclear Medicine Department of the University Hospital Center “Mother Tereza” in Tirana (Albania). The effects of the relocation to a new building and the changes in the use of radiopharmaceuticals regarding radiological protection were analyzed. The personnel is monitored using chest badges...
The CMS experiment at CERN uses a two-level triggering system to select and store important events for physics. This system is made of the Level-1 (L1) stage, based on custom-designed electronics, and the High Level Trigger (HLT) stage, a sped-up version of the offline software reconstruction running on a computer farm. New trigger algorithms, coupled with advanced technological developments...
Abstract. Frenkel excitons (FEs) as collectivized electronic excitations are studied using the models of two-strands regular structures with B-DNA geometry. As basic excitations we consider the excitations of the pairs of complementary bases, not the excitations of separate bases, because of the following reasons: 1. Permanent pairing of complementary bases A-T and C-G; 2. Small inter-bases...
Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives have many interested
properties, such as high absorption capacity in the first
near-infrared region, good reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation
efficiency, and excellent photostability [1-3]. However, ZnPc are
highly hydrophobic and tend to aggregate, which decreases their
photosensitivity. Therefore, many attempts have been...
We analyze optimal finite-time thermodynamic transformations in black hole spacetimes using geometric control theory. For Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes, we study protocols minimizing entropy production or energy cost under constraints set by thermodynamic metrics. We compare Hessian and Legendre-invariant thermodynamic geometries, focusing on their influence on thermodynamic length and...
The increasing use of X-rays and gamma rays in medical applications has heightened the demand for effective radiation shielding materials to mitigate the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. While traditional lead aprons are effective in providing radiation protection, their significant weight and inflexibility, coupled with the toxicity of lead, pose considerable health risks. This study...
Nowadays Si-wafer based PV technology accounted for more than 95% of the total production. The market share of mono-crystalline technology is about 84% of total c-Si production. In order to meet the low-cost manufacturing criterion the Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth method which is the dominant technology for growing high quality monocrystalline silicon should be optimized. Defects and...
We study cosmological inflation with two real scalar fields. We start from one scalar field with the DBI-type Lagrangian, which is of non-canonical form This scalar field can be related to a perfect fluid which describes (dominant) matter in the Universe at a time of interest.
We then extend the model introducing auxiliary real scalar field. The second field does not carry any dynamics,...
The T-number icosahedral configurations are considered to be given by a minimal mean-field thermodynamic model for the equilibrium structure of protein shells consisting of only pentamers and hexamers and correspond to the local free energy minima when the capsomers can switch freely between pentamer and hexamer.
Brome mosaic virus is one of the simplest and most thoroughly studied plant...
High-temperature corrosion protection of low-alloy steel in steam generators of nuclear power plants is provided by a layer of magnetite. The presence of various small molecules in the cooling system affects the flow-assisted corrosion processes. The molecular dynamics (MD) method allows for an in-depth analysis of the mechanism and extent of adsorption of such molecules on magnetite at the...
Interferometric X-ray imaging based on differential phase contrast offers greater sensitivity to soft tissue differences than conventional absorption-based radiography. This makes it a promising technique for the early detection of breast lesions, including those with minimal contrast, such as micro-calcifications. Additionally, since grating-based interferometry utilizes transmitted radiation...
Purpose
The integration of magnetic resonance imaging with linear accelerators (MR-Linac) has introduced a significant advancement in precision radiotherapy, especially for small field lung treatments where air-tissue interfaces present substantial dosimetric complexities. This study investigates the accuracy of dose calculation and delivery in ultrahypofractionated stereotactic body...
River sediments function as significant conduits and repositories for metallic materials originating from diverse sources, including agricultural treatments, industrial effluents, sewage discharge, and atmospheric deposition. In the presence of specific environmental conditions, the release of these metallic materials into the aquatic ecosystem can occur, thereby posing a risk of entry into...
Physics education across the Balkan region is confronted with persistent and complex challenges that affect both the quality of teaching and student engagement. Despite being a foundational discipline within the natural sciences, physics attracts a critically low number of students to pursue it further in higher education. In most Balkan countries, fewer than 10% of secondary school graduates...
This study investigates the dipole response of neutron rich nuclei with a focus on the role played by the symmetry energy, particularly its density dependence below saturation. Employing several theoretical approaches, linear response theory and the Migdal model, semiclassical simulations based on the Vlasov equation and Random Phase Approximation with separable interactions, we explore the...
In this presentation we will briefly overview the most recent progress in the 3D Si technologies, developed within DRD3 (and RD50) CERN collaborations with emphasis on the 3D Si Double Side Double Type column technology. The presentation includes remarkable features of the multi-photon absorption transient current techniques used as 3D probing tool to spatially resolve the time of signal...
In response to declining student interest in physics and STEM fields, particularly among girls, the pioneering initiative Youth@STEM4SF (Youth at STEM for Sustainable Future) [1,2,3] developed with the international multidisciplinary community, was launched as Swiss pilot in 2023 under the auspices of the UNESCO International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development. Developed in...
This paper introduces the Complete Theory of Simplicial Discrete Informational Spacetime. This meticulously constructed and self-contained theoretical framework is designed to address the profound challenges at the intersection of quantum mechanics and gravity. It offers a novel perspective on cosmology and the emergence of spacetime. The framework is rigorously developed and exhaustively...
Melisa Ozkan1, Baki Akkus 1, H.O. Tekin 2,3
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Türkiye
2 Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
3Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye...
We study a generalized Duffin--Kemmer equation for spin 1 particle with two characteristics, anomalous magnetic moment and polarizability in presence of external uniform magnetic and electric fields.
After separating the variables in cylindrical coordinates, we get the system of ten first order partial differential equations for 10 functions $f_i(r,z)$. To describe the $r$-dependence of...
The paper addresses the issue of mechanical representation of relative motions without direct reference to an inertial reference system. Even though classical mechanics states that it is not possible to find an inertial reference frame, relative measurements are used to determine the mechanical behaviour of celestial bodies with very small dimensions compared to the distances between them....
Future electron-positron colliders can determine the absolute couplings of the Higgs boson to Standard Model particles in a model-independent manner and obtain a precise measurement of the Higgs boson’s decay width. Two key ingredients are the determination of the absolute Higgs to Z boson coupling, gHZZ, using the recoil method in the Higgsstrahlung Higgs production channel and the...
In this study, a total of 13 refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) intended for use in nuclear technology were designed and their radiation shielding performances were systematically evaluated. The study focused on investigating the radiation attenuation characteristics of HEAs composed of refractory elements such as Zirconium, Tungsten, Niobium, Tantalum, and Molybdenum using PhyX/PSD...
The energy function and the equations of motion on the extended
upper Siegel-Jacobi half space of order n attached to a linear Hamiltonians
in the generators of the real Jacobi group of order n are studied. The case
n = 1 is presented separately.
We present a 3D simulator developed using the Ursina Engine, inspired by sandbox-style games like Minecraft. The simulator incorporates core principles of special relativity—such as time dilation, length contraction, and the relativistic Doppler effect. It is designed as PoV game, in which
both the player and the surrounding objects can move; this allows phenomena as the Terrell rotation [1],...
Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide valuable insights into the behavior of nuclear matter under extreme conditions. The heavy-ion program offers a wide set of measurements with the goal of studying different properties of the quark-gluon plasma. This presentation gives an overview of recent heavy-ion results from the CMS experiment. In addition, the prospects of CMS in heavy-ion physics,...
Over the past two decades, Albania has seen a significant decline in interest in studying physics among primary and secondary school students. Physics, once considered a prestigious discipline, studied by the best and offering an intellectually rewarding career, is increasingly perceived by students as a tedious, highly abstract, and difficult subject that offers no prestige or income today....
The HyperScout-H (HS-H) instrument is one of the payloads aboard ESA's Hera spacecraft. Hera is a planetary defence mission that aims to provide detailed characterization of the near-Earth binary asteroid (65803) Didymos - Dimorphos following the NASA DART planed impact. HS-H is a dual-use payload that captures both images and spectral data within the 0.65–0.95 μm wavelength range....
NEPHEWS – the Neutrons and Photons Elevating Worldwide Science – is an Horizon Europe Co-funded project-based access program targeting new and non-expert users and user communities, driven by the neutron and photon European user communities [1]. It delivers access to the world-class collective of Europe’s premiere open advanced neutron, synchrotron and free-electron laser complementary...
Abstract
This study presents new approaches to the phenomenon of light diffraction, combining traditional methods of physical investigation with modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The integration of AI in the study of wave optics allows an interdisciplinary approach that contributes to the development of STEM skills, stimulates scientific curiosity and gives the student the...
The widespread use of antifungal drugs, such as Nystatin, has contributed to the emergence of resistant Candida strains, posing a significant challenge to public health. The presence of antifungal residues in wastewater further exacerbates this issue, necessitating effective removal strategies. The atmospheric pressure plasma generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which might interact...
This work will first present our results from the computational studies of the spin properties of selected paramagnetic molecular species, and then briefly study the combination of these results with analytical methods to compute the exact solutions of the studied systems. The molecular species we will work with are nitrogen monoxide and diboron, both of which are paramagnetic. First, Density...
In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that national education is trying to find a favorable way to evolve, so that specialized institutions can provide the opportunity to carry out the educational process through consistent, modern, resonant methods, which want to be materialized. at the company level. The education system has many connections and interdependencies with the...
NEPHEWS – the Neutrons and Photons Elevating Worldwide Science – is an Horizon Europe Co-funded project-based access program targeting new and non-expert users and user communities, driven by the neutron and photon European user communities [1]. It delivers access to the world-class collective of Europe’s premiere open advanced neutron, synchrotron and free-electron laser complementary...
Here, we demonstrate the feasibilities to create inseparable quantum states among laser pumped pairs of two-level quantum dots embedded in a semiconductor substrate. The laser wave-vector is being normal to the line connecting the qubits, while the two-level emitters interact with both the environmental electromagnetic field reservoir as well as the phonon’s thermostat. Surprisingly, we have...
The interaction of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses with dielectric media reveals a new mechanism for trapping particles into the pulse envelope through a longitudinal optical force [1]. The effect is due to the linear and nonlinear polarization of the media and works for pulses with intensities, significantly below from the well-studied multiphoton and tunnel ionization regimes. Unlike...
We examine the need for, and the emergence of, quantum reference frames in the context of defining a rest frame for mixed particles. We explore the related notion of frame-dependent entanglement and discuss its potential impact on measurements involving mixed mesons and neutrinos
In a physics classroom, students were given a classic WebQuest task designed to guide them through online research and reflection, using physics questions directly related to sustainable development principles, specifically solar cooking. The task aimed to examine the impact of modern technologies on students' curiosity and ability to explore curated resources and answer open-ended questions...
Nenad Dj. Lazarov
Department of Theoretical Physics and Condensed Matter Physics (020), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
Email:lazarov@vinca.rs
ORCID ID Nenad Dj. Lazarov is: 0000-0003-3173-9636
Abstract. Hans Adolph Buchdahl was born in Mainz in German in a Jewish family....
The Future of Physics in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
This paper explores the evolving role of physics education in the context of rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), with a particular focus on the current situation in Albania. Physics, as a fundamental science, remains crucial for understanding natural phenomena and driving technological innovation. The teaching of...
The Hubbard model, originally formulated to describe electron interactions in lattices, provides a powerful framework for understanding collective phenomena in complex systems. In this work, we adapt the Hubbard model to the study of social networks, drawing parallels between quantum many-body interactions and the dynamics of opinion formation, influence propagation, and polarization. The...
The teaching of natural sciences in general, and physics in particular, has been transformed over the past decades under the influence of technology. The flexible working environments provided by programming languages have a considerable influence on the comprehension of Physics. This paper aims to demonstrate, through concrete results, the impact of using Python on improving the...
This paper examines the profound and enduring relationship between physics and philosophy, a relationship that has shaped the trajectory of human inquiry from antiquity to the present day. By tracing their shared historical roots, the paper highlights how early philosophical speculation laid the foundation for scientific reasoning. Despite the modern institutional separation between the two...
Groundwater is the lifeline of tap water for many cities in Albania, but its safety depends on regular assessments of its chemical quality. Pollution and overuse can silently affect its quality, putting both people’s health and the environment at risk. Safeguarding this essential resource aligns with SDG 6, which calls for the protection and sustainable management of water for current and...
Bismuth/antimony-based chalcogenides such as $\mathrm{Bi_2Te_3}$, $\mathrm{BiSbTe_3}$, and $\mathrm{Sb_2Te_3}$ serve as prototypical compounds where the interplay of strong spin-orbit coupling$^[$$^1$$^]$ and crystal symmetry gives rise to both thermoelectric efficiency and topologically non-trivial surface states.$^[$$^2$$^]$$^[$$^3$$^]$ In this study, high-quality single crystals of these...
MoSe2 layered crystals intercalated with iodine (MoSe2:I2) exhibit distinct photoluminescence (PL) due to excitons bound to the halogen molecules, which form neutral isoelectronic centers in the van der Waals gap [1]. At low temperatures, the luminescence is dominated by two sharp zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) labeled A and B at 1.036 and 1.042 eV, respectively, due...
The growing threat of antibiotic resistance calls for effective alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like temporin A and temporin F show promise due to their antiproliferative effects on microbial organisms and tumor cells [1,2]. As model systems for cellular membranes, lipid bilayers interact with specific AMPs, changing their mechanical characteristics and causing deterioration of...
Abstract
Most radiopharmaceuticals are used for the purpose of medical diagnosis. These radiopharma-ceuticals contain small amount of the active substances with a radionuclide attached to them to allow scintigraphic imaging or measurement of biodistribution. Radiation is a general prop-erty of all radiopharmaceuticals, which when administered give the patient an imminent radia-tion dose....
Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) was implemented as part of the pan-European Extreme Light Infrastructure project with the aim to use extreme electromagnetic fields for nuclear physics studies and related topics. The physics case of ELI-NP is based on two state-of-the-art sources of extreme light: a high-power laser system and an intense gamma beam system. A broad range...
A current challenge in terahertz (THz) science [1] is to produce broadband THz pulses with mJ-level energies, which can be achieved by irradiating solid targets at relativistic laser intensities. In this regime, coherent transition radiation from electron bunches exiting the rear plasma boundary of fully ionized matter may lead to intense THz emissions characterized by a mJ-to-Joule energy...
Weak interaction processes such us beta and double-beta decays provide a rich testing ground for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this talk, I review current investigations to obtain key insights about still unknown properties of neutrinos and possible violations of some fundamental symmetries in physics. In particular, I show how the precise calculation of phase space factors, electron...
